Theory of Delinquency - 1458 Words

Theory of delinquency Deviant sub-cultural theories of crime focus on subcultures, i.e. groups within wider society with norms, lifestyles and values distinct from those of mainstream society. The focus in sub-cultural theories is on delinquency. In the UK, a preoccupation with the idea that future crime was determined by juvenile delinquency came about as a result of the 1895 UK Gladstone Committee, wherein research focused on gang culture among young males (aged 16-25). Deviance is perceived by sub-cultural theorists as a product of a subculture of delinquency which operates according to differ values from those of mainstream society. Criminal subcultures are organized and established criminal networks, providing a learning environment for young deviants to learn from criminal role models. According to sub-cultural theorists, subcultures provide alternative structures for those who are unable to achieve by legitimate means, such as the working classes (WC). Where access to legitimate opportunity structure such as education is limited, conflict structures develop. Gangs are the most common example of such a response. Influences Albert Cohen’s (1895-1981) theory of delinquency seeks to build on Merton’s Strain theory, which claims that delinquency is caused by strain between cultural goals and access to them. Cohen believed that criminal subcultures were â€Å"a traditional way of solving problems.† According to Cohen, deviance is a result of the inability of the workingShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Juvenile Delinquency798 Words   |  4 Pages Gabrielle Earle CRJ3003 Juvenile Delinquency SU01 Professor Mia Briggs South University-Online Campus December 12, 2017 †¢ Provide brief descriptions of at least three theories. Include an analysis of how each theorist views delinquency and its causes. Clifford Shaw: Clifford Shaw applied Sutherland’s theory of systematic criminal behavior, and claimed that delinquency was not caused at the individual level, but is a normal response by normal individualsRead MoreA Control Theory Of Delinquency1378 Words   |  6 Pageshis famous book, â€Å"A control theory of delinquency†, Hirschi (1969) proposed the Social Bond theory, which assumes that all people would naturally commit crimes if it wasn t for restraints on the selfish tendencies that exist in every individual. Similar to some religions’ claim, this theory also assumes all individuals are born with a tendency toward inherent drives and selfishness. Therefore, something that could keep people away from committing the crime or delinquency was needed, and this thingRead MoreThe Theory Of Juvenile Delinquency889 Words   |  4 Pagescould such a terrifying act but researches how found a couple of theories that could be the possible reason for this chaos. The theories of delinquent life course pretty much is the backbone of many other more specific theories in the studying of juvenile delinquency. Next in the book is the latent trait theory, which explains t he flow of delinquency over a lifetime. Finally the third theory is a mix of latent trait and life course theory which states there is more then one path to crime and more thanRead MoreTheories of Juvenile Delinquency703 Words   |  3 PagesTheories of Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile delinquency is a threat to society and accordingly, the need to develop an understanding of the deviant behavior is of an utmost importance. There are several theories that explain delinquency and collectively, they provide a greater understanding for administrators and policy makers that are essential in developing programs and treatments that reduce juvenile delinquency and minimize its impact on our societies. This paper will discuss two prominent theoriesRead MoreThe Subculture Theory Of Delinquency2247 Words   |  9 Pagessubculture theory of delinquency explains the subculture that exists in society, which contains different value systems than the rest of society. The key element in the subculture theory of delinquency is to achieve an understanding of those who are seen as an outcast or delinquent. The theory of subculture delinquency was created by Albert Cohen in the 1950’s and the main study subject in this theory was boys. One of the main ideas of his was that violence and aggression, or delinquency in generalRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Theories2088 Words   |  9 PagesJuvenile Delinquency Theories Through an understanding of causes of juvenile delinquency society may come to deal preventively with delinquency; certainly treatment of the offender needs to be based upon an understanding of the causal mechanisms that have produced him. In this paper well describe three theories of juvenile delinquency such as Social Learning Theory, General Strain Theory and Behavioral Theory and discuss appropriate preventive programs based upon these theories. In 1977 AlbertRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime And Delinquency1978 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction In the field of criminology there has been certain theories that can articulate the role that society puts on why crime happens. People in society tend to blame delinquent peers, subcultures, and parenting socialization for most of the crime that takes place in the world. This outlook on crime can be resembled to the biosocial theory. According to Crime and Delinquency, by Larry Siegel the biosocial theory is, â€Å"An approach to criminology that focuses on the interaction between biologicalRead MoreFeminist Theories Of Female Delinquency829 Words   |  4 PagesFeminist Theories of Female Delinquency There has been a significant increase in the apportionment of women holding jobs after World War II. Reasons for this change include the feminist movement, inflation causing the need for two incomes, and marriage issues. (Conklin, p 145). The feminist movement has fought to help women move away from their traditional roles and obtain economic, educational, and social advancement. (Siegel, Welsh, p 148, 2011). The following will be explaining some historyRead MoreThe Labeling Theory For Juvenile Delinquency1577 Words   |  7 PagesThe Labeling Theory The labeling theory addresses deviants and puts concern on behaviors that other theories do not. Most theories are primarily concerned with why individuals commit more crime. Rather than analyzing the occurrence of crimes among social groups, the labeling theory challenge us to truly understand deviants and what it means to be categorized as a deviant individual. Unlike the control theories that assumes all of us must be held in check or â€Å"controlled† if we are to resist the temptationRead MoreGeneral Theory Of Crime And Delinquency919 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral Theory of Crime and Delinquency Many theories exist including biological, psychological, and sociological theories that have been proposed by many criminologists in the criminal justice field and have been closely studied by people (Agnew, Cullen, Wilcox, 2004). Most theories are proposed at the micro level meaning it tries to explain the criminal behavior of individuals and some are proposed at the macro level which tries to explain the crime rates in social groups, meaning micro focuses

Questions On Ethical Issues Investigation - 909 Words

Ethical Issues Investigation Situation 2 1. What should Essex do? Essex should find out the proper reason why exactly James broke the law. Personal calls can be attended only in the break timings which the rule clearly states. As the rule is clear and Kate Essex should follow the guidelines of the companies rule and inform the higher officials whom so ever it may be concerned. 2. What, if any, ethical principles help guide decision making in this situation? The problem aroused when john attended a personal call about his sick child in the working hours where john is aware that personal calls shouldn’t be attended during the working hours. I think it would be unethical for the organization to not permit James to take a†¦show more content†¦engineers use the association s general public to pass on the mission, goals and ends of the line and how agents ought to approach occupations when helping the association attain its destinations. Vital segments of a strong association society consolidate dependability, trust, activity, capable behavior and flexibility. Pioneers and authority executives ought to form these parts into association society to ensure agents understand and take after good business measures. Associations can indicate specialists the association s general public by using manuals or cool social occasions. These mediums give organi zation an opportunity to clear up the criticalness of good business conduct. Associations may use a guarantee to ensure agents act ethically when overseeing unique business circumstances. These pledges, insisted by a laborer s signature, express a pro s excitement to agree with and take after the association s ethical norms. Associations may in like manner use these guarantees to invigorate the basics of business ethics and why agents must sign the promise and take after these norms. Ethics promises furthermore give laborers the adaptability to report deceptive practices by heads or distinctive delegates. Situation 6 1. Do you see any ethical issues involved in Google’s new approach to combining information from a particular user? Why or why not? Security could be broken down into three

”What You Pawn I Will Redeem” by Sherman Alexie Essay Sample free essay sample

In Sherman Alexie’s â€Å"What You Pawn I Will Deliver. † the supporter exemplifies how to be a professional homeless con creative person. and reveals how to utilize an existent stolen household artefact to feed on the human capacity for compassion. It’s a narrative in which our supporter with the same first and last name. Jackson Jackson. lurchs across a attire made by his grandma in a local pawnbrokers shop. said to be stolen some 50 old ages before. and his journey to raise the money to purchase it back. Jackson Jackson is an alcoholic. Washington State Native American Indian. who has spent the last six old ages of his life honing his accomplishments of use in Seattle. He refers to himself as being an â€Å"effective homeless adult male. † ( 486:3 ) if there is such a thing. It is his sterling achievement and the lone thing he happens to be good at. between failing out of college. We will write a custom essay sample on †What You Pawn I Will Redeem† by Sherman Alexie Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page neglecting at legion matrimonies and being a non-existent male parent to several kids. Jackson moved to Seattle 23 old ages before Alexie’s narrative takes topographic point to go to college. Assuming he is an norm 18 twelvemonth old fresher. that would set his current age at approximately 40. old adequate to do sense out of and apologize existent life events. contrasting with the sum of immatureness displayed on a consistent footing throughout the piece. He strays off from big behaviour on an hourly footing. most likely a contemplation of the unworried life he’s been populating on the streets. He foremost accepts an impossible challenge to get nine hundred and 99 dollars in 24 hours to purchase the stolen attire back. The action apparently inspires hope in the reader that he has belief in himself to do the unrealistic possibility of obtaining so much money probable. He so refers to the three bottles of intoxicant he purchases after go forthing the pawnbrokers shop as â€Å"imagination† ( 488:48 ) . says that he doesn’t want to name the constabulary because â€Å"It’s a pursuit now† ( 489:73 ) and that he â€Å"want [ s ] to be a hero†¦like a knight† ( 495:278 ) . These are the capricious phantasies of a kid. non of a full-blown grownup. â€Å"We Indians are great narrators and prevaricators and mythmakers. † ( 486:4 ) says Jackson at the start of the narrative. He goes on to turn out this statement by taking us on a journey over the following 24 hours in which he uses the narrative of his family’s bad luck to raise commiseration from those around him. Upon hearing the narrative every character does something nice for Jackson in an attempt to ea se his predicament. After he ab initio tells his narrative to the pawnbroker. he receives a slightly unrealistic. yet solid trade. Raise nine 100 99 dollars in 24 hours and the regalia is his. The store proprietor even gives him 20 dollars of his ain money to acquire him started. The â€Å"Big Boss† from the Real Change organisation hears the narrative and does him a favour ; he gives Jackson 50 documents free of charge. in hopes he can raise a small excess money at none of the startup cost of purchasing the documents from him foremost. Officer Williams. a kindhearted bull. listens intently to Jackson’s narrative so hands him all of the money in his billfold: 30 dollars. Geting the regalia back has more to make with comfort than heritage. It is evident early on that Jackson doesn’t like being entirely. Having failed in most every major enterprise. he looks for things to make full the hole that has been made by a series of hapless events that have become his life. Twice in a three and a half hr clip period Jackson goes wholly bust. but each clip he makes money he ever spends it on comfort. He starts the narrative with a set of friends: Rose of Sharon and Junior. â€Å"We affair to each other if we don’t affair to anybody else. â₠¬  ( 486:5 ) he says. He uses the first 25 dollars he acquires to purchase intoxicant to imbibe with his two friends. He wins one hundred dollars on a lottery ticket and gives off 20 to a immature shop clerk that he enjoys chat uping with. Sharon of Rose and Junior disappear. so â€Å"lonesome for Indians† ( 491:145 ) he spends the staying 80 vaulting horses on purchasing shootings for aliens in a downtown all-Indian saloon. He spends most of the 30 dollars Officer Williams gives him on a munificent eating house breakfast for himself and three Aleut Indians that he met at the pier the twenty-four hours before. something he can non afford. but does anyhow. Out of the one hundred-sixty dollars Jackson Jackson raises. one hundred and three dollars and 50 cents is spent on intoxicant. the ultimate friend to a alone alky. The more things alteration. the more things remain the same. The money flow in Alexie’s narrative serves as a contemplation of Jackson himself. He goes through alterations. but merely as the sum of money he has at the beginning of the narrative. four hours in. and at the terminal remains the same†¦so does he. Plants Cited: Alexie. Sherman. â€Å"What You Pawn I Will Deliver. †Literature: Fiction: An Anthology of Stories for Further Reading. Eds Nicholas Delbanco and Allan Cheuse. New York: McGraw Hill. 2010. Print.

Analysis of Service Marketing UBER Technologies †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Service Marketing UBER Technologies. Answer: Company profile: UBER technologies are the company that is headquartered at San Francisco, California. It is the company that deals with transport network services. This company has started its business by developing a mobile application (Cramer Krueger, 2016). This application is used by the customers to book or request the ride that is being transferred to the drivers who are using their own cars to conduct the trip. As per the data, the company operates its business in 58 countries and 300 cities in the entire world. After UBER, many companies have tried this business idea and launched their own taxi services for the customers. The ear is known as Uberification. This business was founded by two people named Travis and Garrett in May 2009 and they released the app for UBER in June in the same year. In 2012, UBER took the initiate to expand its business at international level (Creighton, 2017). In the year of 2014, the innovation of carpooling is initiated by the business and the company reached at the position of 48th among the most powerful companies of America. As far as the business UBER is Australia it considered, it has been analyzed that the business has started in 2012 may. In Australia, it has been observed that the market share of the company is rising day by day. UBER has started its business by launching Uber black that includes only the black cars as the cabs by the chauffeurs. This initiative of the business takes up around 3% of the total industry market (Amin Radhakrishnan, 2013). After that Uber taxi has been launched that allow the taxis to work under Uber as Uber cars. This strategy allows the company to earn more 2% of the market share. As the company has experienced success with these strategies then it started launching the UberX and captured around 22% of the electronic payment market. Customer analysis: The above figure clearly describes the spending of the people in Australia on UBER in the electronic payment industry. This suggests that UBER is doing great with its business in Australia and there are more opportunities for the company to grow (Chen, Mislove Wilson, 2015). as far as the customers and the target market of the company is considered, it has been analyzed that target market of the company are the smartphone users along with the internet access on their phones. They are considered as the potential customers because they are the prospects that can easily be converted into customers. The riders who want to ride are not only the target for the company (Cannon Summers, 2014). The company also targets the drivers and the car owners. This is because UBER does not have its own cars and employs the individual who are the car owners. Competitor analysis: As far as the competitors of UBER in Australia are considered, the recent news suggested that Hi Oscar is the company that is taking over the market of UBER. This company has been launched by Perth locals Daniel and Jeremy. It has been analyzed that, may be UBER is cheap and provide convenient rides but still there are many reasons on that the business is replaced by another local company. some of the reasons are surge pricing, internal toxic culture, bad behavior of the drivers etc. the company has attracted around 330 drivers in Perth and then planning to launch its business in Sydney and Melbourne as well (Rogers, 2015). There is several strength of this business over UBER. The first strength or the advantage sis that it is a local company so can attract large number of local people towards it. In terms of income it charges only 15% of the total income from the drivers while other international; brand like Uber charges 25% of the income. This suggests that even if the local compan y is charging, the economy is remaining in the nation only. Strength is that the company is registered with GST (Wheeler IV, 2009). This company allows the users to select their driver and favorite those for future so that in future if they wants to take a ride they can select their driver. The company provides the rating system of thumbs up and thumbs down that help in removing the dilemma of average rating. Another major advantage of the ride from Oscar is that the women customers have the opportunity and chance to select for the women driver. Other than Oscar, GoCatch is another company that has launched its business in taxi industry (Mulley, Nelson, Teal, Wright Daniels, 2012). Increasing number of companies in the industry is taking over the share of UBER in Australia and becomes a threat for it. The company has launched its services with lower prices than UBER by 10-15%. This is really an alarming stage for UBER to bring innovation in the business of Australia. Customer service strategies: UBER is observed to be the company that is very much focused for customer service. The company is customer oriented in nature. The major strategies that support the company cater the customer such great services are as follows: Simplicity: Uber app is very much easy and simple to use. It is a user friendly app that supports the customers to operate it easily without being much techno savvy. Even the drivers that are not so much educated can handle the app. it is not only for the users of smartphone but the customer those who are not having nay smartphone can also book their rides by messaging (Australia, 2017). This simplicity is the strategy of customer service by UBER. This is because of the pap is complicated then it cannot be used by nay of the uneducated person. Convenience: Taking ride from UBER is very convenient for the customers. Even if the customer does not know the location where he or she is standing, they can book a ride by sending their location and the driver can pick them up from there. As the company also deal with private cars so they are more comfortable and clean then the cabs or taxis. The payment method for paying for the rise is also very easy (Hall, 2017). It is not necessary to carry the cash all the time to take a ride from Uber. The app can manage the payments by themselves; the customer just need to associate his debit or credit cards with the app and the money will automatically gets deducted. Speed: Speed is another strategy of the company to provide great service to the customers. In any of the city where the UBER serves its customers, they can easily get the UBER cars nearby. This is because there are a lot number of Uber cars available and the system is such that distributes the drivers and the cars according to the demand of the cars at the place. As soon as the customer books the ride, the driver approaches to the customer in lease of the time. Service environment: Service environment can be defined as the physical environment of the business. All the tangible things that are associated with the firms service and provide the proof of the quality of the services form the service environment. After booking the ride: As soon as the customer books the ride with UBER, the driver calls the customer and asks them about the location and tells them about the limit within which they can reach on the location (Tucker, 2017).This helps the customer to know about the waiting time. After pick up: It has been observed that all the Uber cars are very well managed as after the pickup, the driver greets the customer with poise and ask them if they are comfortable or not. The cars smell good and provide the customer the feel of sitting in his own car rather than a taxi. After the drop: As soon as the driver drops the customer, the customer provides rating to the driver and vice versa. Driver also helps the customer to lift up their luggage if its heavy. All the above discussed points provide the information about the service environment of UBER. Recommendation: As discussed in the above section that even if UBER is performing well in its business but facing some of the issues in Australia. The main issue is the issue of surge charging. This is the major issue faced by the company as the local competitors in the place are not charging the surge prices with the customers and thus gaining the higher customer as then UBER. Another issue that has been analyzed with UBER is that most of the drivers do not know how to read the navigation properly. This is to be recommended to UBER that they should concentrate on providing training to their drivers about the application and the navigation app. They should also manage the surge pricing system so that they cannot lose their customers. Conclusion: It has been concluded from the above study that UBER is the company that deal with transportation service in many countries and also in Australia. The Australian business of the firm is doing well but still facing some of the competition from the local competitors such as GoCatch and Oscar. As far as the customer is considered, they have the target market of people those who are using smartphones and have internet connection. The service environment of the company suggests that the services of the company are very much convenient for the customers and provide a good experience of the rides. Some of the issues have also been faced by the company which can be overcome by taking the recommended actions. References: Amin, S., Radhakrishnan, M. (2013).U.S. Patent Application No. 13/672,658. Australia. (2017).Australia. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from https://newsroom.uber.com/australia/ Cannon, S., Summers, L. H. (2014). How Uber and the sharing economy can win over regulators.Harvard business review,13, 1-4. Chen, L., Mislove, A., Wilson, C. (2015, October). Peeking beneath the hood of uber. InProceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Internet Measurement Conference(pp. 495-508). ACM. Cramer, J., Krueger, A. B. (2016). Disruptive change in the taxi business: The case of Uber.The American Economic Review,106(5), 177-182. Creighton, D. (2017).Uber competitor launches in Brisbane.Brisbane Times. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/uber-competitor-launches-in-brisbane-under-new-laws-20160904-gr8bcs.html Hall, B. (2017).Uber has new competitors in Australia.Uber Drivers Forum. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from https://uberpeople.net/threads/uber-has-new-competitors-in-australia.150636/ Lovelock, C. (2011).Services Marketing, 7/e. Pearson Education India. Lusch, R. F., Vargo, S. L. (2014).The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Mulley, C., Nelson, J., Teal, R., Wright, S., Daniels, R. (2012). Barriers to implementing flexible transport services: An international comparison of the experiences in Australia, Europe and USA.Research in Transportation Business Management,3, 3-11. Rogers, B. (2015). The social costs of Uber.U. Chi. L. Rev. Dialogue,82, 85. Tucker, H. (2017).GoCatch is launching Australia's first Uber X competitor.Business Insider Australia. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/gocatch-is-launching-australias-first-uber-x-competitor-2016-2 Wheeler IV, G. Y. (2009).U.S. Patent Application No. 12/453,780. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., Gremler, D. D. (2012).Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.